Government Accountability Office — Bid Protests

GAO Bid ProtestsIntelligence

Search GAO bid protest decisions across the whole federal government and read grounded, citation-verified AI analysis. Sustain rates by protest ground, agency risk, semantic search, a citation knowledge graph, and a research agent over the full corpus, with every case one click from the official gao.gov ruling.

5,964

Decisions

FROM GAO.GOV

5,430

Merits Decisions

REACHED THE MERITS

2010–2026

Years Covered

DECISION DATE RANGE

15

Protest Grounds

TAXONOMY-CLASSIFIED

11%

Sustain Rate

SUSTAINED IN WHOLE OR IN PART

11%

Relief Rate

IN WHOLE OR IN PART

9%

Corrective Action

OF PUBLISHED DECISIONS

57

Federal Departments

118 PROCURING AGENCIES

Overview

What is a GAO bid protest?

A bid protest is a challenge to a federal agency's procurement decision — the terms of a solicitation, the evaluation of proposals, or the award itself. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) is the independent forum that decides them under the Competition in Contracting Act and its bid protest regulations at 4 C.F.R. Part 21.

GAO's decisions are the practical case law of the source-selection process — technical and past-performance evaluation, price and cost realism, best-value tradeoffs, discussions, set-aside eligibility, organizational conflicts of interest, and timeliness. For contractors, counsel, and capture teams, they are the clearest signal of where an award is vulnerable and how to win or defend a protest.

GovConDash brings together the government-wide bid protest corpus from gao.gov and layers grounded AI analysis on top, so you can search, compare, and understand years of decisions in minutes, with every claim traceable to the source.

What the corpus covers

Grounds

Technical & past-performance evaluation, price/cost realism, best-value tradeoff, discussions, set-aside eligibility, OCI, timeliness

Parties

Protesters vs. procuring agencies across the whole federal government, defense and civilian alike

Signatory

Signed by the GAO Office of General Counsel, captured from the decision record

Source

Official decisions published at gao.gov

Anti-hallucination by design

Statistics and case facts are retrieved from the grounded corpus, never invented. Outcomes and protest grounds are derived deterministically from the verbatim digest and text; anything ambiguous stays blank rather than guessed. Every decision links out to the official gao.gov ruling so you can verify any point yourself.

Coverage

Every federal department, not just defense

The corpus spans 57 federal departments and independent agencies and 118 procuring components. Defense is the largest share of published protests, but civilian buying, from the VA and DHS to GSA, HHS, and the SBA, is fully covered.

Department of War2,858
Department of Veterans Affairs566
Department of Homeland Security409
General Services Administration369
Department of Health and Human Services248
Small Business Administration195
Department of Justice188
Department of State143
Department of Agriculture122
National Aeronautics and Space Administration114
Department of the Interior94
Department of Labor85
Department of Commerce82
Department of Energy75
Department of the Treasury67
Department of Transportation58
U.S. Agency for International Development48
Department of Housing and Urban Development36
Department of Education27
Environmental Protection Agency22
Social Security Administration17
Office of Personnel Management13
Securities and Exchange Commission12
Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts11
Central Intelligence Agency10
Library of Congress9
National Science Foundation9
Federal Communications Commission6
Nuclear Regulatory Commission6
Federal Trade Commission5
United States Postal Service5
Government Publishing Office4
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation4
Executive Office of the President3
International Boundary and Water Commission3
Architect of the Capitol2
Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency2
Federal Reserve System2
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board2
Peace Corps2
United States Capitol Police2
U.S. Trade and Development Agency2
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau1
Consumer Product Safety Commission1
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission1
Export-Import Bank of the United States1
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation1
Federal Election Commission1
Government Accountability Office1
Millennium Challenge Corporation1
National Archives and Records Administration1
National Endowment for the Humanities1
National Labor Relations Board1
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission1
Railroad Retirement Board1
Smithsonian Institution1
U.S. International Trade Commission1

12 DECISIONS CARRY NO AGENCY FACET ON GAO.GOV AND ARE HELD AS NOT SPECIFIED RATHER THAN ASSIGNED TO A DEPARTMENT

Platform

Built for contract professionals

A complete research workflow over the GAO bid protest corpus, grounded in the record and tuned for government contracting counsel, capture, and compliance.

Grounded AI Protest Analysis

Every decision becomes a structured brief — background, grounds of protest, holding, rationale, and disposition — written in a neutral legal register for counsel, capture, and compliance teams.

Deterministic Grounding & Citations

Every cited authority and supporting quote is string-matched back to the verbatim decision text. Authorities cross-link to the FAR Library and eCFR. Nothing is asserted that is not in the record.

Semantic & Hybrid Search

Search by concept, not just keywords — "unequal discussions in a best-value tradeoff" surfaces the right protests through pgvector embeddings fused with full-text search. Keyword search is free.

Citation Knowledge Graph

A GraphRAG knowledge graph links protests, authorities, protesters, agencies, and issues — traverse the citation network and let the agent reason over connected decisions.

Corpus Insights

Sustain rates by protest ground, the issue-by-outcome view, agency risk, most-cited authorities, and corrective-action share — the patterns across years of decisions, computed merits-only.

AI Research Agent

Ask questions in plain language across the entire corpus. The agent retrieves, reasons, and answers — citing only the decisions it actually pulled, each one click from the official gao.gov ruling.

Counsel & Procurement Intelligence

The opening appearance and protest blocks are parsed into structured counsel and procurement facts — powering law-firm win rates by side and the awardee, solicitation, and procuring office for each protest.

Always Source-Linked

The corpus comes directly from gao.gov and every row links to the official decision. AI analysis is labeled and grounded in the verbatim text, so you can verify any point in one click.

Corpus Insights

The patterns behind the protests

Live aggregates over 5,430 merits decisions. Which grounds are litigated most, and where protesters actually prevail.

Most-litigated protest grounds

Technical Evaluation1,243
Best-Value / Source Selection1,139
Set-Aside / Small Business665
Discussions / Competitive Range658
Past Performance496
Corrective Action307
Solicitation Terms272
Organizational Conflict of Interest226

Where protests get sustainedMERITS ONLY · n ≥ 5

Price / Cost Evaluation19%34/183
Organizational Conflict of Interest17%37/218
Best-Value / Source Selection15%162/1,110
Discussions / Competitive Range14%91/640
Solicitation Terms13%34/255
Scope of Contract13%3/23
Technical Evaluation12%148/1,208
Past Performance11%54/483

Most-cited authorities

4 C.F.R. § 21.21,4824 C.F.R. § 21.88274 C.F.R. § 21.5742Competition in Contracting Act7104 C.F.R. § 21.16124 C.F.R. § 21.0569FAR 15.306499FAR 15.404-148731 U.S.C. § 3551343FAR 15.305269FAR 16.5052494 C.F.R. § 21.14204
Law Firm Analysis

Which firms win the most protests

Protester-side law firms ranked by the number of merits protests they have won (sustained in whole or in part). Counsel is parsed deterministically from each decision's opening appearance block, computed merits-only over firms with at least five appearances.

Protester-side firms — most sustainments

FirmProtestsSustainments
Wiley Rein LLP16542
Crowell & Moring LLP13733
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP11727
Holland & Knight LLP12220
Morrison & Foerster LLP7815
Piliero Mazza PLLC9614
Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP10413
Arnold & Porter LLP5313
Venable LLP7811
Cohen Mohr LLP5511

MERITS ONLY · n ≥ 5 APPEARANCES · SUSTAINMENT = PROTEST SUSTAINED IN WHOLE OR IN PART

Protest Brief

GAO Protest Brief

A professional bid protest brief on a single decision, grounded end to end in the verbatim record. It leads with the caption and background, pairs each ground of protest with GAO's holding and rationale, and closes with the disposition, with FAR citations and a link to the official gao.gov decision.

GroundedEvery point traces to the record

From a docket number to a filing-ready brief

  • Structured sections — Overview, Caption, Background, Grounds of Protest, Holding, Laws & Regulations, Rationale, Disposition.
  • Grounded in the verbatim decision text and digest, with FAR citations and a link to the official gao.gov ruling.
  • Export to Word or Excel, or continue the analysis with the research agent over connected decisions.
“Our review of an agency's evaluation is limited to determining whether it was reasonable and consistent with the terms of the solicitation and applicable procurement law.”
The standard of review GAO applies across the corpus
Decision Browser

Browse every decision

Search 5,964 decisions by protester, B-number, or digest, and filter by year, outcome, federal department, and protest ground. Each row opens the decision's own page, with the official ruling on gao.gov one click away, or browse the full index.

PDF
Oct 19, 2026.
B-424664B-424664.2
The MIL Corporation

Navy

Best-Value / Source Selection
Dismissed in part
Oct 19, 2026.
B-423574.2
Encon Desbuild JV4, LLC

Navy

Timeliness
Dismissed
Oct 19, 2026.
B-424724
Prestique, Inc.

Air Force

Responsibility / Responsiveness
Denied
Oct 19, 2026.
B-424435.3
CAKAR ULUSLARARASI NAKLIYAT SANAYI VE TICARET LIMITED SIRKETI

U.S. Transportation Command

Technical EvaluationBest-Value / Source Selection
Denied
Oct 16, 2026.
B-424681
Hatalom Corporation

Navy

Set-Aside / Small Business
Denied
Oct 14, 2026.
B-424785
Casey & Company LLC

National Park Service

Denied
Oct 13, 2026.
B-424203.3B-424203.4
Reliance Test & Technology

Air Force

Technical EvaluationBest-Value / Source Selection
Sustained in part
Oct 13, 2026.
B-424203.2
Fluor Federal Solutions, LLC

Air Force

Technical EvaluationPrice / Cost Evaluation
Sustained in part
Oct 13, 2026.
B-422384.7
VMD Systems Integrators, LLC d/b/a VMD Corporation--Costs

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Set-Aside / Small Business
Costs
Oct 13, 2026.
B-424607.2
Sterling Readiness Rounds, LLC--Reconsideration

Department of Veterans Affairs

Sole-Source / Improper Award
Reconsideration
Oct 09, 2026.
B-424245.3
Cashel Strategic, LLC--Reconsideration

Air Force

Standing / Jurisdiction
Reconsideration
Oct 08, 2026.
B-424623
Octo Metric, LLC

Department of Homeland Security

Technical Evaluation
Denied
Oct 07, 2026.
B-424661B-424661.2
RFD Beaufort, Inc.

Navy

Sole-Source / Improper Award
Denied
Oct 07, 2026.
B-424568.3
Asset Protection & Security Services, L.P.

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Corrective Action
Denied
Oct 05, 2026.
B-424444.2
Aero Simulation, Inc.

Air Force

Solicitation TermsTimeliness
Reconsideration
Oct 01, 2026.
B-424613B-424613.2
Integrity Management Consulting, Inc.

Department of Homeland Security

Best-Value / Source Selection
Dismissed in part
Oct 01, 2026.
B-423714.5
Hendall Inc.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

Dismissed
Sep 30, 2026.
B-424631
Mission Analytics, LLC

Defense Information Systems Agency

Timeliness
Dismissed
Sep 28, 2026.
B-424598B-424598.2
Coulson Aviation (USA) Inc.

Forest Service

Best-Value / Source Selection
Dismissed in part
Sep 28, 2026.
B-424433.18
Cinteot, Inc.

Army

Denied
Sep 25, 2026.
B-424599B-424599.2
Peterson's LLC

Department of War

Technical EvaluationBest-Value / Source Selection
Sustained
Sep 24, 2026.
B-424612B-424612.2B-424612.3
Turning Point Global Solutions, L.L.C.

Department of Homeland Security

Technical EvaluationBest-Value / Source SelectionOrganizational Conflict of Interest
Sustained in part
Sep 22, 2026.
B-424146.2B-424146.3
Tetra Tech, Inc.

Environmental Protection Agency

Technical EvaluationPast Performance
Dismissed in part
Sep 22, 2026.
B-424657
Advantix Engineering, Corp.

Army

Responsibility / Responsiveness
Denied
Sep 22, 2026.
B-424583B-424583.2B-424583.3
Keta Environmental and Infrastructure, LLC

Army

Best-Value / Source SelectionDiscussions / Competitive Range
Denied
Showing 1 to 25 of 5,964 decisions
ShowPage 1 of 239

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Research reports

The quarterly GAO bid protest analysis, as a PDF and an Excel workbook

Every decision in the quarter, read for sustain rates, protest grounds, remedies and the lessons for source-selection teams, in a Contractor Edition and a Government Edition.

Research GAO protests with AI

Grounded protest briefs, semantic search, a citation knowledge graph, and a research agent over the full corpus. Start free on GovConDash.ai.